Publications

Chronic viral infections including those by hepatitis B (CHB) virus and hepatitis C (CHC) virus have been reported to be comorbidities of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Here, we performed the first comprehensive review of the peer-reviewed liter- ature (PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar) on the prevalence of CHB and CHC in patients with CSU and vice versa. The prevalence of CHB and CHC in CSU does not appear to be increased. Less than 5% and 2% of patients with CSU have markers of CHB and CHC, respectively, according to most of the 32 studies reviewed. Urticarial rash including CSU occurs in ≤3% of patients with CHC as reported by most of 20 studies analysed. Very few patients have been assessed for the effects of antivi- ral hepatitis treatment on their CSU, and two but not all reportedly showed improve- ment. Hepatitis B/C infections appear unlikely to be linked to CSU. We suggest that routine screening for these infections in patients with CSU is not relevant or cost- effective and should not be performed unless liver function tests are abnormal, risk factors or symptoms of viral hepatitis are present, or urticarial vasculitis is suspected.